抑郁症穴位敏化现象与规律探析

[目的] 通过文献计量学和数据挖掘技术探究抑郁症(major depressive disorder，MDD)患者穴位敏化现象和规律，以期为MDD的临床诊疗提供科学思路。[方法] 检索八大数据库和一本中医典籍，将MDD穴位敏化有关的文献收集汇总成数据表，利用文献计量学及数据挖掘技术，对MDD穴位敏化现象和规律进行总结，并就MDD穴位敏化规律进行理论探析。[结果] 共纳入文献29篇，涉及热敏、化学敏、痛敏等多种敏化类型和检测手段；MDD常见敏化穴位是百会，且百会和内关、百会和太冲常同时出现敏化；敏化穴位和敏化类型可分为4个有效聚类群；敏化频次最多的经脉是督脉；敏化穴位主要集中在头面颈项部。[结论] MDD存在多种穴位敏化类型，但研究成果有限；研究发现多个穴位、经脉及部位存在敏化现象；高频敏化穴位和穴位配伍与目前治疗所用穴位基本相同；不同穴位敏化类型不尽相同，这可能与MDD病因病机、伴随症状等相关。     

Discrimination between His-bundle and the Right Bundle Branch during Electrophysiologic Studies

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the His-bundle (HB) versus right bundle branch (RBB) during electrophysiologic studies, using the V3 phenomenon, and to compare the timing of HB versus RBB potentials of sinus cycles (His-ventricular [H-V] interval).
Methods: The study enrolled 16 patients without structural heart disease, who underwent electrophysiologic studies during which the H-V interval was within normal limits and the V3 phenomenon was induced during recordings of the HB and the RBB potentials by a multi-electrode catheter. The recording site of the earliest HB potential just before the V3 phenomenon was defined as the branching portion of His bundle (HBBP), the site immediately proximal to the HBBP as the HB, and the site immediately distal to the HBBP as the RBB.
Results: The HBBP was identified in all patients. In all cases but one patient, the H-V interval measured at the HB adjacent to the HBBP was ≥35 ms. However, in 12 patients, the H-V interval measured at the RBB adjacent to the HBBP was also ≥35 ms.
Conclusions: The electrophysiologic identification of HB versus RBB by simultaneous recordings of HB and RBB potentials during induction of the V3 phenomenon was feasible. When the discrimination between HB and RBB was based on the measurement of the H-V interval, the proximal portion of the RBB was frequently misidentified as the HB.     

Cor pulmonale as a complication of methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria (Cb1-C type)

We report an infant with a bronchiolitis-like illness and rapid deterioration who developed a cor pulmonale-like picture with a dilated right ventricle. Urinary organic acid assays established a probable diagnosis of Cbl-C-type methylmalonic aciduria, later confirmed by complementation studies. Despite medical intervention and cyanocobalamin treatment the patient died on his tenth hospital day. Postmortem examination showed the presence of thromboemboli in the pulmonary circulation. We hypothesize that acute cor pulmonale developed in this infant secondary to thromboembolism of his pulmonary circulation. A review of the literature shows that thromboembolism may be a part of this disease process.     

Comparison of patients with and without digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: detection of possible risk factors

Background  Digital ulcers (DU) are a major complication in the course of systemic sclerosis (SSc). In recent years, efficacious, but expensive therapies (e.g. iloprost, sildenafil, bosentan) have been shown to improve healing or to reduce the recurrence of DU. For optimal management it would be useful to identify the risk factors for DU. Such statistical analyses have been rare because they require a high number of patients.
Objectives  To identify potential risk factors for DU in patients with SSc.
Methods  We used the registry of the German Network for Systemic Scleroderma and evaluated the data of 1881 patients included by August 2007. We assessed potential risk factors for DU by comparing patients with (24.1%) and without active DU at time of entry (75.9%).
Results  Multivariate analysis revealed that male sex, presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), involvement of the oesophagus, diffuse skin sclerosis (only when PAH was present), anti-Scl70 antibodies, young age at onset of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP), and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) significantly impacted on the appearance of DU. Certain combinations increased the patients' probability of presenting with DU, with the highest probability (88%) for male patients with early onset of RP, ESR > 30 mm h⁻¹, anti-Scl70 antibodies and PAH. Patients with DU developed RP, skin sclerosis and organ involvement approximately 2–3 years earlier than patients without DU.
Conclusions  The results reveal possible risk factors for the occurrence of DU in SSc. As DU are prone to local complications, prophylactic vasoactive treatment for patients presenting with these factors may be justified.     

Neuroimaging studies in patients with Charles Bonnet Syndrome

Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) is characterized by complex formed and recurrent visual hallucinations in psychologically normal people, and is often associated with eye pathology. Many psychiatrists have taken an interest in CBS because this syndrome could provide clues to the mechanisms underlying visual hallucinations. In the present paper, we review previous neuroimaging studies in patients with CBS and summarize the results of these studies. There could be a fundamental dysfunction in the primary and secondary visual cortices in some patients with CBS, and transient cortical activation occurs in the inferior lateral temporal cortex during the appearance of visual hallucinations in CBS patients. External visual stimuli are perceived in the retina and are transmitted to the primary visual cortex (Brodmann area (BA) 17). The stimuli are transmitted from BA 17 to the secondary visual cortex (BA 18) and then to the visual association cortices (BA 19 and BA 37). In general, our perception of external visual stimuli normally has an inhibitory effect on the endogenous activation of the visual cortex. Visual loss due to certain conditions, of which eye pathology is the most commonly postulated in CBS patients, produces a state of sensory deprivation that releases the visual cortex from regulation by external stimuli, resulting in visual hallucinations (cortical release phenomenon). The results of previous neuroimaging studies suggest that the cortical release phenomenon hypothesis for the occurrence of visual hallucinations in patients with CBS is plausible. In addition, the results indicate that not only eye pathology, but also dysfunction in the primary and secondary visual cortices could result in deprivation of external visual stimuli.     

Studies of the quenching phenomenon in delayed contact hypersensitivity reactions

Studies in guinea pig and man have shown that eugenol can quench non-specifically contact urticarial responses, whereas limonene seems largely ineffective. In a comprehensive series of studies, there was little evidence of quenching of delayed contact hypersensitivity reactions to cinnamic aldehyde or citral, including in 'pre-quenched' material supplied by a perfume/flavour company, and in a similar mixture prepared in this laboratory, in the guinea pig model. In addition, there was no evidence of the quenching by eugenol of allergic reactions to cinnamic aldehyde in a panel of human subjects with a proven history of cinnamic-aldehyde-induced allergic contact dermatitis. Overall, the results lend little credibility to earlier literature reports of quenching phenomena in delayed contact hypersensitivity responses.     

Immunological concepts and the eye: A review of the classical and ocular Arthus reactions

Inflammatory processes can involve any tissue in the eye. Despite advances in therapy, the sequelae of inflammation continue to be a major cause of visual impairment. Knowledge of disease pathogenesis in clinical ocular inflammations remains imprecise, and defined models are crucial in developing this understanding and evolving rational approaches to treatment. This review analyzes the contributions that studies of the classical and Arthus ocular Arthus-type reactions have made as to how the eye functions as an immunological entity. The anticipated development of therapeutic agents that may modulate immune processes with remarkable specificity, gives a new impetus to such experimental studies.     

The effect of sympathetic blockade and cooling in Raynaud's phenomenon

Summary. Nineteen patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (12 suffering from generalized scleroderma [GS] and seven from primary Raynaud's phenomenon [PR] and seven cold-tolerant healthy women underwent a cooling challenge with combined body and finger cooling. Finger systolic blood pressure was measured at 30 and 15°C, before and after nervous blockade at the finger-base with lidocain. Finger/arm blood pressure ratio (FBP/armBP) at 30°C was significantly lower in GS as compared to controls and PR, and it did not change after nervous blockade in any group. FBP/armBP at 15°C, decreased to zero in all patients with Raynaud's phenomenon and to median 0–67 in controls, prior to nervous blockade. After nervous blockade, in response to cooling, FBP/armBP at 15°C decreased significantly and was comparable in all groups. We conclude that the sympathetic nervous system seems to play an important part in provoking Raynaud's phenomenon in PR and most GS.     

腰椎关节突间关节积气的CT征象和意义

目的 探讨腰椎间盘ＣＴ扫描中关节突间关节积气的表现和伴随病变的意义。方法 收集近两年来的５６５例腰椎间盘扫描，使用机型为ＳＯＭＡＴＯＭＰｌｕｓ４螺旋ＣＴ机，对其中有４０例（占７．１％）关节突间关节积气的ＣＴ片及侧位定位片进行分析。结果 ４０例有椎关节突间关节积气者其，ＣＴ值均低于－３００ＨＭ，其中２６例有关突间关节增宽，２１例有相关椎体前滑脱，４０例均有腰椎间盘退行性变。结论 腰椎关节突间关节积气